
Typically Process Hazard Analysis or Preliminary Hazards Analysis is conducted through a HAZID (Hazards Identification) session using predefined checklist or guidewords developed internally or adapting ISO 17776, etc.

This hazard elimination or reduction is achieved throughmeans which are inherent to the process and, as such, are permanent and inseparable from it.

A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study is a structured hazard identification technique using a multi-disciplinary team for identification of process hazards with respect to design & operation of a facility.

This SIL determination study will serve as a basis of the design and specification of all SIS and associatedSIF. Design of the SIS and associated SIF for the assigned SIL levels will be confirmed through SIL verification study in compliance with IEC 61511/61508.

Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) is defined as the concurrent execution of multiple activities, which due to their interaction with routine operations result in increased operational complexity & level of risk.

Layout safety design shall ensure effective separation of hazardous areas from safe areas in which personnel may normally work or gather in the event of an emergency, or where emergency equipment is located.

Project HSE Review (PHSER) is required to enhance the HSE performance of the project and ensure that the risks associated with its subsequent operations have been addressed at the most effective point in a project lifecycle.

Pre-start up Safety Review (PSSR) is a systematic and structured process that is intended to provideassurance that all new or modified facilities are constructed in accordance with the relevant designspecifications.

